Karaburan

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Project Karaburan
Monitoring water quality
Status Initializing
Contact bertrik
Last Update 2024-07-07

Next steps

  • write python scripts
    • arduino turbidity
    • turbidity-to-mqtt
  • hook things into systemd / udev
    • e.g. insert GPS -> create symlink with udev -> trigger (re)start of gpsd

Experimental stuff

USB HID as analog input

  • Can I program an STM32 as a USB HID device, and model analog inputs as USB HID sliders/knobs, possible even with meaningful units/ranges?
    • directly recognised by linux kernel without a specific driver, or running some other protocol over emulated serial

See also https://github.com/vostrenkov/EazyJoy

influxdb

See https://hub.docker.com/_/influxdb

See https://github.com/bertrik/karaburan/tree/master/influxdb

investigate RTK GPS

Goal: figure out if it is practically possible to achieve cm resolution with a 200-euro GPS and a free correction service: YES

Edit /etc/default/gpsd, set GPSD_OPTIONS: 

 GPSD_OPTIONS="-Gn ntrip://user:pass@ntrip.kadaster.nl:2101/CBW100NLD0"

Option -G exposes the control socket on all network interfaces, option -n keeps the GPS active if there is no one currently connected.

Plotting live location on a map:

Station at Stolwijk (close to Gouda): https://gnss1.tudelft.nl/dpga/station/Stolwijk.html#STWK ?

Introduction

Topics:

  • air quality sensors
    • ammonia
    • NOx
  • water chemical analysis
    • nitrates
    • ammonia
    • dissolved oxygen
    • sulfide/sulfate
    • phosphates?
    • salinity (chlorides?)
  • water physical analysis
    • temperature
    • clarity/turbidity -> investigate standard ways of measuring/expressing this
    • conductivity/total dissolved solids
    • water properties by light reflection, hyperspectral/polarity
    • depth?
  • boat control
    • trajectory -> steering
    • idea: interface with the remote control, not with the boat
    • idea: find a boat with easily hackable remote control protocol
    • idea: can we get sensor data over this link too, e.g. GPS?
  • camera control
  • post-processing
    • data presentation
      • video/photo stitching
      • time lapse view
      • map view of properties
  • use cases
    • verify with domain experts, how to engage?
    • slootview, under/above water
    • minimum viable prototype
    • high-res measurement by location, by time
  • materials
    • boat selection
    • processing platform selection
    • communication platform selection

Air quality sensors

Nitrogen compounds in air

According to https://www.rivm.nl/stikstof/monitoren-advies-onderzoek/overzicht-stikstofmetingen/metingen-stikstof-in-de-lucht average (typical?) values of

  • Ammonia (NH3): 6.7 ug/m3 (9.6 ppb)
  • NOx: 27.3 ug/m3
  • NO2: 18.6 ug/m3 (9.9 ppb)

(ppb-conversion using https://www.breeze-technologies.de/blog/air-pollution-how-to-convert-between-mgm3-%C2%B5gm3-ppm-ppb/ )

RIVM report on inexpensive nitrogen-in-air sensors: https://www.samenmeten.nl/sensoren-voor-no2 Conclusion: most sensors are not sensitive enough to be used in typical outdoor conditions, with perhaps one exception: alphasense NO2-B43F

Water physical analysis

Turbidity / clarity

See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbidity

Aliexpress sensor TS-300B: https://nl.aliexpress.com/item/1005006732956937.html Has a range 0 ~ 1000 ± 30 NTU

Order of magnitude for turbidity:

  • Drinking water upper limit: 4 NTU (European turbidity standard for drinking water)
  • Ambient water: 10-150 NTU. The US state of Washington use a "background" value of 50 NTU as reference.

(see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbidity#Standards_and_test_methods )

So the Aliexpress sensor is suited only for "dirty" water.

Boat control

Typically the wireless link looks like this:

  • 2.4 GHz working frequency
  • 500m range

Interesting links:

remote control

Image of remote control RF chip: [...]

Parts:

  • 12.000 MHz crystal/oscillator
  • 16-pin control chip: 20_CL6L071
  • 6-pin RF chip: 1110 / VKA3, could be an rx/tx switch, amplifier or filter circuit

See also: https://www.open-tx.org/

Next steps:

  • map out the connections between the mainboard and the rf board, expected: VCC, GND, spi ?

Use cases

material:

Useful distinction, typically used in documents/guidelines:

  • chemical quality, what substances are present in the water?
  • biological / ecology quality, what kind of living organisms live in the water?

Reeuwijkse plassen

See

potential applications:

  • inspect water sides (oever) over time
  • underwater camera: detect invasive cray fish
  • sample water properties at high spatial resolution, high time resolution
  • early detection of indicators for cyanobacteria: temperature and nutrients

Detect/find pollution source

  • ...

Implementation

reading temperature sensor

The idea is to to use a DB18B20 temperature sensor, read it using an arduino nano board acting as a 1-wire adapter. Use openwire-fs as user-side openwire software http://owfs.org

Preparation:

  • Add the regular user to the 'dialout' group, so it can access serial ports
 sudo adduser <name> dialout

Setting up the hardware:

  • connect the DS18B20 to the connector board with the pull-ups
  • wire the connector board to the arduino nano, see ...
  • plug the arduino nano in the pi

Setting up the software:

  • Install openwire fs
 sudo apt install owfs
  • Create the openwire fs mountpoint
 sudo mkdir /mnt/1wire
  • Configure owfs, edit /etc/owfs.conf
 server: device = /dev/ttyUSB0
 mountpoint = /mnt/1wire
 allow_other
 (comment out the line with the FAKE devices)
  • Configure systemd services
 sudo systemctl enable owserver owhttpd
 sudo systemctl disable owftpd
  • Start the systemd service
 sudo systemctl start owserver owhttpd
  • Check the logs
 sudo journalctl -xeu owserver -f
  • Open a browser to view the web interface
 http://localhost:2121 or
 http://raspberrypi.local:2121
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