LoRa-E5-mini

Project LoRa E5
Arduino on the LoRa-E5 module
Status	In progress
Contact	bertrik
Last Update	2021-10-12

The plan

This page is about the LoRa-E5 module and getting it to work as a LoRaWAN node with Arduino and the BasicMac stack.

• replace the original "AT" firmware with Arduino based firmware
• use the BasicMac library for LoRaWAN
• use platformio as the build system
• create some basic examples for use as a LoRaWAN node on TheThingsNetwork

Interesting post about this module: https://www.disk91.com/2021/technology/lora/lora-e5-the-seeed-studio-stm32-wl-module/

What currently works:

• can run an Arduino program, compiling from the Arduino IDE
• blinking the LED works
• output over serial works (as software serial for now)

TODO, yet to figure out:

• make PB6/PB7 work as hardware serial port with Arduino
  • figure out which UART is used with Arduino on STM32
  • make pin alternate function mapping work
• get communication going using the internal "subghz" SPI port
  • do I need to enable the APB3 clock domain?
  • get a simple transfer going that proves that meaningful data is exchanged (e.g. default sync word magic number)
• get basicmac stack working with the "subghz" SPI port (it appears all communication is done using just "SPI")
• get compilation and upload working with platformio

Hardware

The hardware is the LoRa-E5 module from seeed studio, contains the STM32WLE5JC:

• LoRa E5 Seeed studio module (just the chip): https://www.seeedstudio.com/LoRa-E5-Wireless-Module-p-4745.html
• LoRa E5 Seeed studio mini dev board: https://www.seeedstudio.com/LoRa-E5-mini-STM32WLE5JC-p-4869.html
• LoRa E5 Seeed studio wiki page: https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/LoRa-E5_STM32WLE5JC_Module/
• FCC information about the module: https://fccid.io/Z4T-LORA-E5/

Overview of pins used on this board (not completely standard): https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/LoRa_E5_mini/#22-gpio-configuration-overview

LoRa modem

It appears the LoRa functionality is exposed through an internal SPI bus, called SUBGHZSPI in the datasheet.

Also, there are some pins to control the radio path.

Software

Initial experimental firmware can be found at: https://github.com/bertrik/lora-e5

• blinky example, the most basic of all sketches which makes a LED blink demonstration of successful download of an Arduino program
• helloworld example, sends a text over the serial port

There appears to be support for various kinds of WL55 boards in the stm32duino project: https://github.com/stm32duino/Arduino_Core_STM32/blob/main/boards.txt

Support for a generic WLE5JCI board here in the stm32duino archive: https://github.com/stm32duino/Arduino_Core_STM32/blob/main/variants/STM32WLxx/WL54JCI_WL55JCI_WLE4J(8-B-C)I_WLE5J(8-B-C)I/boards_entry.txt#L62

Development environment

• Install Arduino IDE, from https://www.arduino.cc/en/software
• Add a board URL: https://github.com/stm32duino/BoardManagerFiles/raw/main/package_stmicroelectronics_index.json
• Under menu Tools/Board/Boards manager, search for STM32 and install 'STM32 MCU based boards'
• Under menu Tools/Board/STM32 boards, choose 'Generic STM32WL series', then 'Generic STM32WL series'
• Under menu Tools/Board part number, choose Generic WLE5JCIx'

Load the .ino file. Compile with ctrl-R. Upload with ctrl-U.

Programming over SWD

Connect an ST-LINKv2 as follows:

• SWDIO to PA13
• SWCLK to PA14
• GND to GND

Using with OpenOCD

Hold BOOT, then press RST and execute:

 openocd -s /usr/share/openocd/scripts -f interface/stlink.cfg -f target/stm32wlx.cfg

Result:

Open On-Chip Debugger 0.11.0
Licensed under GNU GPL v2
For bug reports, read
	http://openocd.org/doc/doxygen/bugs.html
Info : auto-selecting first available session transport "hla_swd". To override use 'transport select <transport>'.
Info : The selected transport took over low-level target control. The results might differ compared to plain JTAG/SWD
Info : Listening on port 6666 for tcl connections
Info : Listening on port 4444 for telnet connections
Info : clock speed 500 kHz
Info : STLINK V2J17S4 (API v2) VID:PID 0483:3748
Info : Target voltage: 3.258730
Info : stm32wlx.cpu: hardware has 6 breakpoints, 4 watchpoints
Info : starting gdb server for stm32wlx.cpu on 3333
Info : Listening on port 3333 for gdb connections

Getting it to work

Got a flashing LED sketch to work:

• install Arduino IDE, e.g. 1.8.16
• install the STM32 support
  • add through menu File / Preferences / Additional board manager URLs

 https://github.com/stm32duino/BoardManagerFiles/raw/main/package_stmicroelectronics_index.json

• • under menu Tools / Board / Board manager, search for stm32 and install the board package
• select the right board:
  • WLE5JCIx
• upgrade the firmware of my stlink2 (tool from ST), currently at V2J38S7
• run the cubestm environment to use the stlink2 to disable the firmware protection
• flash a simple blinky sketch to the board

Serial port does not work yet, it is connected to PB6/PB7. I need to configure an alternative setting for the pins, don't know exactly how to do that on Arduino:

• https://www.stm32duino.com/viewtopic.php?t=714
• https://forum.arduino.cc/t/pb6-and-pb7-as-serial-problem/546184

Node configuration in TheThingsNetwork

The information on the website of Seeed studios is outdated. It refers to the "v2" version of TheThingsNetwork, which is being phased out. It is already impossible to add new nodes on TTNv2, since it was set to read-only.

Nodes should be configured for TheThingsNetwork v3 instead.