Karaburan

Project Karaburan
Monitoring water quality
Status	Initializing
Contact	bertrik
Last Update	2024-04-29

Introduction

Topics:

• air quality sensors
  • ammonia
  • NOx
• water chemical analysis
  • nitrates
  • ammonia
  • dissolved oxygen
  • sulfide/sulfate
  • phosphates?
  • salinity (chlorides?)
• water physical analysis
  • temperature
  • clarity/turbidity -> investigate standard ways of measuring/expressing this
  • conductivity/total dissolved solids
  • water properties by light reflection, hyperspectral/polarity
  • depth?
• boat control
  • trajectory -> steering
  • idea: interface with the remote control, not with the boat
  • idea: find a boat with easily hackable remote control protocol
  • idea: can we get sensor data over this link too, e.g. GPS?
• camera control
• post-processing
  • data presentation
    • video/photo stitching
    • time lapse view
    • map view of properties
• use cases
  • verify with domain experts, how to engage?
  • slootview, under/above water
  • minimum viable prototype
  • high-res measurement by location, by time
• materials
  • boat selection
  • processing platform selection
  • communication platform selection

Air quality sensors

Nitrogen compounds in air

According to https://www.rivm.nl/stikstof/monitoren-advies-onderzoek/overzicht-stikstofmetingen/metingen-stikstof-in-de-lucht average (typical?) values of

• Ammonia (NH3): 6.7 ug/m3 (9.6 ppb)
• NOx: 27.3 ug/m3
• NO2: 18.6 ug/m3 (9.9 ppb)

(ppb-conversion using https://www.breeze-technologies.de/blog/air-pollution-how-to-convert-between-mgm3-%C2%B5gm3-ppm-ppb/ )

RIVM report on inexpensive nitrogen-in-air sensors: https://www.samenmeten.nl/sensoren-voor-no2 Conclusion: most sensors are not sensitive enough to be used in typical outdoor conditions, with perhaps one exception: alphasense NO2-B43F

Water physical analysis

Turbidity / clarity

See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbidity

Aliexpress sensor: https://nl.aliexpress.com/item/1005006732956937.html Has a range 0 ~ 1000 ± 30 NTU

Drinking water upper limit: 4 NTU (European turbidity standard for drinking water) Ambient water: 10-150 NTU. The US state of Washington use a "background" value of 50 NTU as reference. (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbidity#Standards_and_test_methods )

So the Aliexpress sensor is mostly suited for very dirty water.

Boat control

Typically the wireless link looks like this:

• 2.4 GHz working frequency
• 500m range

Interesting links:

• Flytec-2011 remote control https://nl.aliexpress.com/item/1005002984723718.html
• Replacement board for various boats with "18" in their type number: https://nl.aliexpress.com/item/1005006115484716.html
• DIY Multi-protocol module: https://github.com/pascallanger/DIY-Multiprotocol-TX-Module

Use cases

material:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cMk0bGvIU1E
• https://iplo.nl/thema/water/oppervlaktewater/kaderrichtlijn-water
• kaartje: https://krw-nutrend.netlify.app/ -> 2 meetpunten op de reeuwijkse plassen, tijdresolutie is 1 jaar?

Useful distinction, typically used in documents/guidelines:

• chemical quality, what substances are present in the water?
• biological / ecology quality, what kind of living organisms live in the water?

Reeuwijkse plassen

See

• https://www.rijnland.net/wat-doet-rijnland/in-uw-buurt/reeuwijkse-plassen/ their stated goal: CLEAR WATER
• https://www.rijnland.net/regels-op-een-rij/subsidies-en-andere-financi%C3%ABle-bijdragen/

potential applications:

• slootview, inspect water sides over time
• underwater camera: detect invasive cray fish
• sample water properties at high spatial resolution, high time resolution
• early detection of indicators for cyanobacteria: temperature and nutrients